Entry I · 100 Greatest № 14
1792
HALF DISME
Attributed to Robert Birch · 5¢ Silver
The first coin struck by the United States Mint. About 1,500 were produced from silver bullion reportedly supplied by George Washington himself, and tradition holds that Martha Washington was the model for the Liberty portrait — a piece of American origin story rendered in silver.
89.2% SILVER · 16.5 MM · MINT: PHILADELPHIA
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Entry II · 100 Greatest № 24
1792
SILVER CENTER CENT
Henry Voigt · 1¢ Copper with Silver Plug
A radical experimental pattern. Rather than mint a massive copper cent carrying a full cent's worth of metal, the Mint inserted a small silver plug into a smaller copper planchet — solving the intrinsic-value problem with elegance. Roughly 14 specimens are known to survive.
COPPER WITH SILVER CENTER · 23.5 MM · MINT: PHILADELPHIA
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Entry III · 100 Greatest № 69
1796
DRAPED BUST QUARTER
Robert Scot · 25¢ Silver
The first quarter dollar struck by the United States Mint, and the lowest-mintage early quarter ever produced. Only 6,146 were struck before the denomination was suspended for nearly a decade. Few survive in any meaningful condition.
89.2% SILVER · 27.5 MM · MINT: PHILADELPHIA
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Entry IV · 100 Greatest № 81
1804
CAPPED BUST HALF EAGLE · PLAIN 4
Robert Scot · $5 Gold
Among the great American gold rarities, with only a handful of examples confirmed. The "Plain 4" variety is believed to have been struck later from original dies, joining a small constellation of pieces that have never circulated and have never been common.
91.7% GOLD · 25.0 MM · MINT: PHILADELPHIA
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Entry V · 100 Greatest № 50
1815
CAPPED HEAD HALF EAGLE
John Reich · $5 Gold
A War of 1812–era rarity. Just 635 were struck, and only eleven are known to exist today. Most American gold of this era was melted abroad — making any survivor extraordinary, and an 1815 half eagle a singular prize.
91.7% GOLD · 25.0 MM · MINT: PHILADELPHIA
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Entry VI · 100 Greatest № 94
1832
CAPPED HEAD HALF EAGLE · 12 STARS
John Reich, modified · $5 Gold
A striking variety with twelve obverse stars rather than the standard thirteen — a die anomaly that yielded one of the period's most coveted rarities. Fewer than ten specimens are known, traded almost exclusively among advanced collectors.
89.2% GOLD · 8% SILVER · 23.8 MM · MINT: PHILADELPHIA
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Entry VII · 100 Greatest № 65
1836—39
GOBRECHT SILVER DOLLARS
Christian Gobrecht · $1 Silver
The first U.S. silver dollars produced since 1804, and among the most beautiful coins ever struck by the Mint. Gobrecht's seated Liberty would go on to define American silver coinage for half a century — beginning with these striking, sparingly issued pieces.
89—90% SILVER · 38.0 MM · MINT: PHILADELPHIA
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Entry VIII · 100 Greatest № 95
1841
LIBERTY HEAD QUARTER EAGLE
Christian Gobrecht · $2.50 Gold · "The Little Princess"
Long believed to be a Proof-only issue, recent research suggests some specimens are genuine circulation strikes. Between fifteen and eighteen pieces are known. The romantic nickname is attributed to dealer Abe Kosoff, who handled several examples between the 1940s and 1970s.
90% GOLD · 10% COPPER · 18.0 MM · MINT: PHILADELPHIA
Top Sale: PCGS PR64 Cameo CAC · $408,000 · March 2024
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Entry IX · 100 Greatest № 93
1854—S
LIBERTY HEAD QUARTER EAGLE
Christian Gobrecht · $2.50 Gold · San Francisco Mint
A first-year San Francisco gold issue with a tiny mintage of just 246 pieces. Few examples survive in any grade, and the coin stands as one of the foundational rarities of the western Mint era.
90% GOLD · 10% COPPER · 18.0 MM · MINT: SAN FRANCISCO
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Entry X · 100 Greatest № 49
1861—S
PAQUET REVERSE DOUBLE EAGLE
Anthony C. Paquet · $20 Gold · San Francisco Mint
A short-lived reverse design by Mint engraver Anthony Paquet was recalled almost immediately for technical reasons — but not before a quantity of double eagles slipped into circulation from San Francisco. Most were used or melted; survivors are among the great American gold rarities.
90% GOLD · 10% COPPER · 34.0 MM · MINT: SAN FRANCISCO
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Entry XI · 100 Greatest № 84
1867
SHIELD NICKEL · WITH RAYS PROOF
James B. Longacre · 5¢ Cupro-Nickel
A transitional rarity from the year the Mint quietly removed the rays from the Shield Nickel's reverse. A handful of Proofs were struck retaining the original design — a small, technical issue that turned into one of the great Proof rarities of the era.
75% COPPER · 25% NICKEL · 20.5 MM · MINT: PHILADELPHIA
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Entry XII · 100 Greatest № 75
1870—CC
LIBERTY HEAD DOUBLE EAGLE
James B. Longacre · $20 Gold · Carson City Mint
The first year of the Carson City Mint, struck for circulation in the high desert and shipped across the West. About fifty are known of the approximately 3,789 produced — making it the keystone issue of the entire Carson City double eagle series.
90% GOLD · 10% COPPER · 34.0 MM · MINT: CARSON CITY
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Entry XIII · 100 Greatest № 12
1870—S
THREE-DOLLAR GOLD
James B. Longacre · $3 Gold · San Francisco Mint
Possibly unique. Tradition holds that one of two specimens struck was placed in the cornerstone of the new San Francisco Mint when it was laid in 1870. If true, the second known specimen is the only one collectors can ever own.
90% GOLD · 10% COPPER · 20.5 MM · MINT: SAN FRANCISCO
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Entry XIV · 100 Greatest № 20
1885
TRADE DOLLAR PROOF
William Barber · $1 Silver
The most mysterious U.S. silver issue. Only five examples are known, all Proofs — and none appears in any official Mint record. The coins surfaced years after the Trade Dollar series had ended, leaving collectors and historians to speculate ever since.
90% SILVER · 10% COPPER · 38.1 MM · MINT: PHILADELPHIA
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Entry XV · 100 Greatest № 7
1894—S
BARBER DIME
Charles E. Barber · 10¢ Silver · San Francisco Mint
Only twenty-four were struck; nine are known to survive. Legend has it that San Francisco Mint superintendent John Daggett gave three to his young daughter, Hallie — who is said to have spent one of them on ice cream. The romance and the rarity have made the 1894-S a singular American coin.
90% SILVER · 10% COPPER · 17.9 MM · MINT: SAN FRANCISCO
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Entry XVI · 100 Greatest № 55
1895
MORGAN DOLLAR PROOF
George T. Morgan · $1 Silver · "The King of Morgans"
Mint records show 880 Proofs and 12,000 business strikes — but not one of the business strikes has ever surfaced. The Proof issue therefore stands as the only available 1895 Philadelphia dollar, earning it the standing title "King of Morgans" among set collectors.
90% SILVER · 10% COPPER · 38.1 MM · MINT: PHILADELPHIA
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Entry XVII · 100 Greatest № 31
1907
HIGH RELIEF DOUBLE EAGLE
Augustus Saint-Gaudens · $20 Gold
Theodore Roosevelt's "pet crime." Commissioned to beautify American coinage, Saint-Gaudens designed it with extraordinary sculptural relief — so high it required three strikes per coin and proved unsuitable for circulation. About 11,250 were produced before the design was flattened for mass production.
90% GOLD · 10% COPPER · 34.0 MM · MINT: PHILADELPHIA
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Entry XVIII · 100 Greatest № 47
1909—S
LINCOLN CENT · V.D.B.
Victor David Brenner · 1¢ Bronze · San Francisco Mint
The most famous "key date" in twentieth-century American coinage. Only 484,000 were struck before the public outcry over Brenner's prominently displayed initials forced their removal. Generations of collectors have chased it ever since.
95% COPPER · 5% TIN/ZINC · 19.0 MM · MINT: SAN FRANCISCO
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Entry XIX · 100 Greatest № 99
1918/7—D
BUFFALO NICKEL · OVERDATE
James Earle Fraser · 5¢ Cupro-Nickel · Denver Mint
A celebrated overdate variety produced when a 1917 die was repurposed for 1918 at the Denver Mint, leaving traces of the earlier date visible beneath the new. One of American numismatics' most beloved errors, hunted in every roll for over a century.
75% COPPER · 25% NICKEL · 21.2 MM · MINT: DENVER
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Entry XX · 100 Greatest № 1
1933
SAINT-GAUDENS DOUBLE EAGLE
Augustus Saint-Gaudens · $20 Gold
The most valuable coin ever sold at auction. 445,500 were struck before President Roosevelt's 1933 gold recall — and nearly all were melted in the vaults before release. Only one specimen is legally permitted in private hands. It last changed hands in 2021 for $18,872,250.
90% GOLD · 10% COPPER · 34.0 MM · MINT: PHILADELPHIA
Top Sale: PCGS MS65 · $18,872,250 · Sotheby's, June 2021